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Deep dives into
machines that matter.

Technical explorations of retrocomputing, FPGA hardware, emulator design, and language implementation — written for people who want to understand how things actually work.

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Apple II6502FPGAEmulationSmalltalkVerilogCopy ProtectionRetrocomputing

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.NET 9 / Windows

Smalltalk from Scratch

A complete Smalltalk-80 interpreter and modern runtime in C# — Blue Book bytecodes, a coldstart image loader, SDL2/SkiaSharp display, and a 884-test CI suite running headless on GitHub Actions.

smalltalkcompilervirtual-machine

Apple II (DOS 3.3 / WOZ)

Reverse engineering the copy protection on the original Apple II arcade port — non-standard WOZ disk geometry, a self-modifying loader, 45 KB of compressed game data, and the nibbler analysis toolkit.

apple-iicopy-protectionretrocomputing